Bacterial Vaginosis
Description
A mild infection of the vagina caused by bacteria, bacterial vaginosis is characterized by vaginal
discharge with a foul odor. It occurs when the balance of good and bad bacteria in the vagina
is upset, and the bad takes over. The infection cannot be caught from one person to another, but
is more common among women who are sexually active.
While it is a mild problem that can go away on its own in a few days, it can lead to more serious problems if not treated. Possible causes of the infection could include multiple sex partners, having a female sex partner or douching.
Symptoms
Vaginal discharge and odor are the symptoms. The discharge can look grayish, white or yellow, and
the amount varies from woman to woman. The odor is characterized by a “fishy” smell.
Nearly half of women with this infection have no symptoms at all. Several things can cause abnormal vaginal discharge, including some STDs, so it is best to seek treatment when uncertain.
Tests
In a woman with an unusual vaginal discharge, the doctor asks a series of questions to determine
severity of conditions. Symptoms that could indicate more serious conditions include fever, pelvic
pain, multiple sex partners in unprotected intercourse, or the presence or a history of an STD.
Additionally, a pelvic exam will be performed in which the doctor will take note of the appearance of the vaginal lining and cervix. A manual examination of the ovaries and uterus may also take place to search for more serious infection, or to collect samples to check for other STDs.
A “whiff test” is another type performed with potassium hydroxide liquid. When a drop of this liquid contacts a drop of the discharge sample, a fishy odor can result.
Outcomes
Treatment typically involves antibiotics, most commonly, metronidazole and clindamycin. They
come in pill, cream or capsule form to be put in the vagina. It typically clears up in two or
three days with this treatment, but the treatment itself goes on for a week. As with all antibiotics,
it is important to finish the course of treatment to ensure the disease is cured.
